Merck Executive Summary

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Statement of the line of work Merck & Co. , Inc. , a leading pharmaceutical alliance, faces the threat of the patents of its most popular doses expiring in 2002. The only way to counter the loss of sales from these drugs going finish up patent is to develop new drugs in order to refresh the companys portfolio. research lab Pharmaceuticals, a small pharmaceutical company who specializes in the treatment of neurological disorders, has approached Merck with the prospect to license Davanrik, a new drug with the potential to treat both depression and obesity.The drug is currently in pre-clinical development and would still need to pass a seven yr and three phase scrutiny process approved by the FDA. nether the licensing agreement, Merck would compensate LAB with an initial fee, milestone payments as the drug progresses by dint of each phase, and royalty on sales. Merck essential make a finish on whether or not to license the drug. If Merck does decide to licen se the drug, it must also decide how more the drug is worth. Discussion A finding will be madeusing both qualitative factors and quantitative compend. Qualitatively, this opportunity is optimistic for both Merck and LAB.Licensing this drug will allow Merck to insert a saucily patented compound into the market and to bypass the discovery and preclinical testing phases. By being able to skip those two phases, Merck can go straight to clinical testing saving it six to seven years, which helps Merck cope with its patent life cycle in a more effective manner. LAB has never had a drug successfully complete the FDA adulation process in its 15-year history. Its stock price had also fallen by 30% after its most recent FDA denial. Therefore, by licensing this Davanrik to Merck, LAB would be able to receive some much-needed cash.A successful transaction amid Merck and LAB could also lead to future opportunities. Quantitatively, a decision tree analysis was used to value this opportuni ty because as long as Merck only accepts projects with a positive expected value it will induce profits more often then lose money. Through the analysis of the expected value of each possible outcome, the expected value of licensing Davanrikfrom LAB is $13. 98 million including payments to LAB of $16. 68 million. Although the FDA approval process has a 40% Phase Iand a 70% Phase II adversity rate, the cost f failing early on is only $30 million and $70 million, respectively, relative to the opportunity to earn as much as $1. 28 billion if successful. Recommendation Merck should license Davanrikfrom LAB for no more than $13. 98 million. The company is facedwith the risk of declining profits if new drugs are not developed since many of its patents are expiring soon. Therefore, it is necessary to invest in new drug developments. Also, the expected value of $13. 98 million indicates that this opportunity is profitable and that Merck can receive up to $1. 28 billion by licensing the c ompound.

Human Trafficing: Are We Doing Enough? Essay

gentleman trafficking has been some for the same amount of time as inequality among hatful so basically, all of human history. People are bought and sold, and treated and traded resembling objects. This has always been part of our society, however dominate. Slavery, prostitution, il effective aliens all of these things have root in human trafficking. Since ancient Egypt, when thousands of Hebrews were forced build the pyramids, to present twenty-four hour period Italy where hundreds of women are forced to submit their bodies every day. We are thankfully becoming less and less tolerant of this cruel practice in the modern font world. Yet, because our tendency to look the other way, to pretend to not know the truth, hundreds upon thousands of nation are still macrocosm trafficked every year, some right under our nose here in America. Weve created anti-trafficking laws, passports, citizenship papers, as swell as heightened fence patrols and increased airport security. There are those who would have you believe that this is comely it isnt.M whatever people opine the fact that human trafficking is slightly declining as a sure sign of success. But handle so many other things in the world, our nations economy, the availability of jobs, and the price of grease-gun human trafficking alike(p) all these things has fluctuation. Traffickers will find ways around our barriers, loopholes in the system, what have you unless we stop this for good. Moreover, it is incorrect to say for sure that this bother is declining. How does one even come to that conclusion? Fewer traffickers are being caught so its obviously getting better Im not buying it. With human trafficking being what it is, underground, unspoken, unnoticed we can never be sure of all of the statistics. And another frightening thought to develop this suggested decline Perhaps have traffickers have just developed parvenu smuggling methods and new ways of bypassing security. That would mean that much people are being trafficked and then we currently estimate and that the problem may really be increasing instead of decreasing.As stated earlier, prostitution, both legal and illegal forms, has very close ties to human trafficking. This can be seen in the main in several countries of Europe. While prostitution may not be legal across the whole continent, the countries in which it is have shown a clearly higher rate of trafficked women. As author and activist Christine Stark states on Justice Talking, a National Public Radio station, What we have establish is that legalization has caused an increase in the trafficking into the area where the legalization exists.The state then becomes the pimp. Obviously, places where prostitution in legalized is going to have a higher contract for prostitutes, thus increasing the illegal trafficking of women there. though it may sound like a radical idea in some parts of the world, the likely solution here would be to ban prostitution ev erywhere, which would be lots more of a possibility if people understood its effectuate. The U.S. Department of maintain in 2007 June issue of the Trafficking in Humans Report stated, prostitution is inherently harmful and dehumanizing and fuels trafficking in persons. With any luck, people will start to intromit this as a fact that it is rather than the opinion some see it to be.Another product of human trafficking is illegal immigration, or people subsisting in countries unlawfully. Illegal immigration has a number of negative effects on a nations economy as well as its society. These illegal immigrants or aliens as they have come to be known, have quite a few disput optiones surrounding them. First is the bil permit of whether or not it is correct to use the term illegal alien. Though still an ongoing dispute, the side for it seems to have a lot more accreditation. Assessed January 18, 2007 on illegalaliens.us, Calling an illegal alien an undocumented immigrant is like craf t a burglar an uninvited house guest.Theres besides the threat of terrorism and terrorist attacks that comes with having undocumented people in a nation. And lets not forget the public work forces valid scare, the fact that illegal immigrants steal jobs from those people who reside in that country legally. All these things point back to human trafficking and the damage it causes wherever it goes. The U.S. itself has 11 million undocumented people living in its borders. Thats 11 million people we dont have any records of, no information about, no accounts of any kind for. We need to put a stop to illegal immigration here and now, or its only going to get worse.What have we learned thus further? Prostitution is morally wrong and fuels the trafficking of women everywhere. Illegal immigration is a huge detriment to a nations economy and society. Human trafficking is like a slow moving hurricane, bringing terrible destruction wherever it goes. If something is not about this problem soon, we cannot hope to improve as a nation. If something is not done about this problem now, we cannot hope to improve as people.

Brand Name

As stated in pock Durability Challenged (201 1) nation usually feel connected with and loyalty to the provokers that fool been in the market for many years. Credibility, quality and consistency (Moisakos, 201 1) of the old give away scarcelytocks build consumer loyalty. The connection between large number and grimes might be the basis why most people usually buy the same involvement over and over. This idea can be related to Civilian(2007)gs idea that people usually buy things that they know about because they feel safe and leisurely with, and they think those harvest-homes argon pricey.According to Westbound (201 0), it has been discovered that much than half of the consumers who participated in the la show consumer examine decided what brands to buy at the store. If there are two products with same prices, they often choose the one with a brand because many people use it. To illustrate, Caviar (2007) reports that a study by Stanford University found that when the e xact same food was given to children-the only deviance being the container in which it was served-, most of the children said that the food that was in McDonalds incase tasted demote.In other words, people have a mind-set that products with brands have better quality than those without brands. On the other hand, according to the article Are you blow money on brand fleshs Consumer Reports has done a survey and seventeen percent Of participants thought that denomination brand food contained more nutritious than other products. However, it is discovered that there are no gigantic differences between nutrition of the tested products which are both brand name products and store brand products. Many consumers are proud of themselves when they use brand names products.These products usually include cars, c servinghes, and electronic devices. People have good feelings when buying those products. They feel confident to go out of their house with Nikkei shoes, Levies t-shirt, and Gucci bag. Those are prevalent brands for clothing and they are very expensive. People go obtain for these brands because they want to show off and feel rich. A great lesson is about the t-shirts. Nikkei t-shirts are more expensive than other t-shirt without brand, but people still want to pay more for it. Martin (2003) reports that even though Nikkei is accused of labor abuse, Nikkei still succeeds in building image of its brand.A lot of people still feel good with it, and they still buy its products. This makes it open how much consumers treasure their identification with the image of Nikkei. On the other hand, it is unequivocal that if a product or a brand has a fully grown image, not many people will want to buy that product or that brand because they think that it might lower their look. The image Of the brand is an important factor Of consumers purchasing decision. In the civilization, most people worry to follow the majority because they like to be part of the group.In Cavi ars article, Dan Goldstein, an assistant professor of marketing at London Business School, says that People tend to believe, If Ive hear of a product before, its probably because its popular, and popular things are good. This quote shows that people in todays field like popular things. Brand names are usually popular and people purchase them because of their popularity. Advertising is one way to introduce a product to consumers. According to Marksman(2011), people were requested to see a direct contrast of credit of BBS (BOBBY), but there was in any case a b in some lines(Bobby).They were asked to count the line with b. Before each line was shown, fifty percent of the respondents saw the brand name of the ice tea. After the test was done, people, again, were asked to choose the crapulences. The choices are the ice tea and water. People who were thirsty chose to drink the ice tea more than water. The example can demonstrate that advertize can also be a part of discernments w hy people choose a particular product. Reputation is not only the reason why people choose to buy a brand name product, but design of sound and logo of the brand name is also another important factor.

Latino Civil Rights in School

Latino Civil Rights in Schools One sector in American society in which racial groups were separated was in discipline. sequestration of races and schools were common through the late 1940s, until a Puerto-Rican Mexican family took action. Through this area the common race that known during this time where you were both classified as white or b want and therefore left Hispanics unclassified. Depending where you lived according to McCormick, J. and Ayala, C. 2007) describes Felicita Mendez a Puerto Rican womans experience, she belonged to a group that was racialized in Arizona as black, in atomic number 20 as Mexican, and now in court, her children figured as white. In this situation her children not every(prenominal)owed to enter a white school called Westminster Elementary. Felicita did not want to enroll her children into a Mexican school because they lack resources and only did vocational training as she wanted a break in future for her children, because she knew that educat ion will give her children opportunities.She and her husband decided to wreak action so they followed lawsuit, along with four other Mexican families against Westminster County. During their shin the law was against them saying that their reasons for separatism of Mexicans school were due to language. The ruling was continue at the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco on April 14, 1947, in a unanimous 70 stopping point. (McCormick, J. and Ayala, C. , 2007).This was a tremendous decision that had great impact towards creating integration for Mexicans as well as Indians, and Asians in schools. Shortly after the victory, the legislation passed the Assembly Bill of 1375 in California which eliminates segregation of these races. The bill was signed into law on June 14, 1947. Other states such as Arizona then followed, and it led to other cases which completely concluded legal segregation in schools in the United States in 1954.It took rough effort and some geezerhood to finally integrate whites with other races in schools. Such effort had its accomplishments, however it took various years for the majority of nation to get used the fact that we are human beings and therefore all created equal. We still encounter racism unfortunately but not in the same fashion or numbers as we encountered 50 years ago. As the future approaches us in many years to behave we are all going to be integrated as atomic number 53 race of a human being, hopefully making this world a much better place.References McCormick, J. and Ayala, C. (2007). Felicita La Prieta Mendez (19161998) and the end of Latino school segregation in California. Retrieved from http//content. ebscohost. com. wf2dnvr2. webfeat. org/pdf19_22/pdf/2007/GWW/01Oct07/28320951. pdf? T=P&P=AN&K=28320951&S=R&D=aph&EbscoContent=dGJyMMTo50SeqK44y9f3OLCmr0mep7ZSs6q4TbSWxWXS&ContentCustomer=dGJyMPGvtEyvrbVLuePfgeyx44Hy7fEA

Cultural practices Essay

Culture, ethnocentrism and ethnic possibility of relativity are the three terms which form the basis of this essay. There is an labour to define each of these terms in as precise bearing as possible. More everyplace some discussion on gentleman attitudes and characteristics precedes the concluding answer to the question gutter we judge a ethnic implement as decent or wrong ? The answer is affirmative Yes, altogether ethnical practices cannot be considered equal and beyond reproach, judging them as right or wrong is surely delightful.Definitions Culture is defined as, the totality of kind and physical reactions and activities that characterize the behavior of individuals composing of a social sort collectively and individu eachy in relation to their natural environment, to other hosts, to members of the group itself, and of each individual to himself. ( Heuristic device) Ethnocentrism is defined as tendency to insure at the world, primarily from the perspective of mavins give husbandry. It frequently entails the belief that ones own lean or heathenishgroup is the most important and/or that some or all(prenominal) aspects of its civilization are superior to those of other groups. ( Ethnocentrism). Cultural relativity is the normal that an individuals beliefs and activities should be interpreted in terms of his own culture. ( Cultural relativism). It is important to note over here that the five civilizations of humankind history is the mother of all cultural practices. Each civilization devised a behavioral pattern which suited the local geographic, economic and political conditions. The grow of all ethnicgroups claiming to have their own and independent culture can be traced back to these five civilizations. They are essentially offshoots of the basic civilization. backchat It has been proved beyond doubt that the major negative characteristics of human race are his greed and his ego. He always wants to dominate over his familia r humans and other living species. On the other hand, one of the trump out qualities of human beings is to make our globe a worth living place. Those who devised the cultural practices were alsohuman beings and hence all cultures have something that can be called good and something that can be called bad or not acceptable. A few examples will prove this point. The Indus vale civilization, firmly advocates the theory of live and let live. Hinduism, a faith originating in the Indian sub-continent advocates only vegetarian food. The argument is, why kill a fish, chicken or an animal when your stomach can be filled with vegetables and cereals, without making any(prenominal)(prenominal) compromise on the nutritive values? So far so good. The same culture has a caste system. The status of a human being is decided by the virtue of his birth. If he is born(p) in a higher caste, he has the world at his feet, and if he is born in a lower caste family, then he is set as an untouchable, who will never get any opportunity in life to improve his position. The European culture. While European intelligence has been instrumental in framing the highly developed technical world of today, unspoilt of comforts, the same Europeans havesucked the blood of the third world population by establishing colonies, for centuries together. A very truthful fact, right from the civilization days to today, is that all human efforts in devising cultural practices have been concentrated at local level only. No culture has a global approach. The Indus valley civilization is perhaps an exception to this. The practices are laid down for a particular group of people residing in that particular geographic area. In the entire history of human evolution, man has never lived like asingle species. Needless to say, betterment of life and composed co-existence were the aims of any cultural practices. Hence, evaluation of any culture should be done on a very basic question, does it allow others to exist peacefully? The two systems of cultural perceptions, namely ethnocentrism and cultural relativism have very less significance. While ethnocentrism places ones own culture as the only ruff cultural relativism closes the doors for perceptivenesss about other cultures. Ethnocentrismdoes not put Americans or Europeans as the best cultural groups and cultural relativism cannot ignore the fact that slavery system in America is a wrong practice. These perceptions are irrelevant because no culture is supreme or the best, and no culture is so pure(a) in itself . Summary No theory can prevent judgment of the wrong and the right of any cultural practice. Simply because no culture is flawless, when assessed on humanitarian and global grounds. Any practice which preserves the peaceful co-existence and helps in bettermentof life will always be applauded and any practice which promotes injustice, cruelty and domination over others, will always be turned down. If Americans think in an ethnocentric way that they are the corroboratory dominators of the world affairs, they are mistaken. It was Europe yesterday, America today and tomorrow whitethorn belong to some other culture. Similarly if Asians think that there is no need to die judgment on any other culture because every culture is complete on its own, they are also wrong. They ought to pass a judgment and raise a voice against the wrong colonisation and slavery of Europeans and Americans respectively. No theory can stop passing judgments over any cultural practice. Judgments are necessary. They always help in alter upon the negative aspects of any culture. Works cited page 1) Heuristic device and cultural relativism, wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 12 02-07, Retrieved on 14-02-07. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/cultural_relativism 2. Ethnocentrism, wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 10-02-07, Retrieved on 14-02-07, http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/etnocentrism

The Religion Islam

The Religion Islam The Religion Islam What is Islam? The word Islam nub submission to the will of perfection. The godliness of Islam is the acceptance of and obedience to the teachings of matinee idol which the Muslims pursuit of Islam intrust idol revealed to his fin totallyy prophet. Muslims believe that in that location is b atomic number 18ly maven divinity. The Arabic word for god is Allah which promoter, the one and just now true God who created the whole universe. match to Muslims, God sent a number of prophets to globe to teach them how to live according to His law. To the Muslims, Jesus, Moses and Abraham ar respected as prophets of God.Muslims believed in the prophets as messengers of God, scarcely according to their flavors, Gods final pass to man was revealed by the prophet Muhammad. Who is the prophet Muhammad? Muhammad was born in Mecca in the year 570. His father died before he was born and his mother died concisely after. Therefore he was raised b y his uncle. Muhammad was raised illiterate. He could not read or write, and remained that way for the rest of his life. As he grew up, he was kn avouch to be the truthful, honest, trustworthy, generous, and sincere. Muhammad was very religious, and had long disliked the decadence and veneration of his society.Muhammad was claimed to receive his first revelation from God through the Angel Gabriel when he was at the age forty. The revelations continued for twenty-three years, and they be known as the leger. When Muhammad started preaching the truth which God revealed to him, he and his group of following suffered persecutions from the non-believers. It got so bad for Muhammad and his followers that in the year 622, God gave them the command to emigrate. They migrated from the metropolis Mecca to the city of Yathrib, which is now discovered Medina. His journey to Yathrib is called Hijra. This marked the beginning of the Muslims calendar.Several years later, Muhammad and his followe rs returned back to Mecca, where they forgave their enemies. The greater part of the Arabian Peninsula had become Muslims and within the ampere- heartbeat of his death, Islam had spread all over the world. Muhammad died at the age sixty-three. Though he was a man, he was far removed from evil appearances and tried only for the sake of God and his reward. Muslims believe that Muhammad was the put out prophet of God. They believed that the Holy rule obligate is Gods last revealed book. The prophet Muhammad claimed that the angel, Gabriel revealed the Quran, which the Muslims call Gods literal word, to him.Muhammad memorized the prophecy and sh atomic number 18d it with his companions, and they then wrote it down in a book called the Quran. Muslims believe that the angel Gabriel met with Muhammad formerly a year to criticism the Quran and during the last years of his life, he met with Gabriel twice a year. The Quran was said to be revealed fourteen centuries ago. The Quran is the primary source of each Muslims faith and practice. This book deals with all the subjects which concern gentle beings wisdom, doctrine, worship, transactions, law, and more, but its basic theme is the relationship between God and his creatures.This book is known to provide guidance and detailed teaching for society. The Quran was claimed to be revealed to Muhammad in Arabic. What are the Muslims beliefs? Muslims have six main beliefs. The first belief is to believe in God. Muslims believe in one, unique, incomparable God, Who has no discussion or partner, and that none has the right to be worshipped but Him alone. The piece belief is to believe in the Angels. Muslims believe in the existence of the angels and that they are honored creatures. The angels worship God alone, obey Him, and act only by His command.The third belief of the Muslims is to believe in Gods revealed books. Muslims believe that God revealed books to His messengers as proof for mankind and as guidance for them . Among these books is the Quran, which God revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. The fourth belief is that the Muslims should believe in the Prophets and the messengers of God. Muslims believe in the prophets and messengers of God, starting with Adam, including Noah, Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, and Jesus, but Gods final message to man, a reconfirmation of the eternal message, was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad.The fifth belief of the Muslims is to believe in the mean solar day of Judg custodyt. Muslims believe in the Day of Judgwork forcet which is the day of resurrection, when all masses will be resurrected for Gods judgment according to their beliefs and deeds. The last belief of the Muslims is to believe in Al-Qadar. Muslims believe in Al-Qadar, which is divine predestination, but this belief in divine predestination does not mean that serviceman beings do not have free will. Rather, Muslims believe that God has inclined human beings free will.This means that they c an choose right or wrong and that they are responsible for their choices. The belief in Divine predetermination includes belief in four things God knows boththing. He knows what has materializeed and what will happen, God has recorded all that has happened and all that will happen, whatever God wills to happen happens, and whatever He wills not to happen does not happen and God is the creator of everything. Muslims believe the Sunnah is the practical example of the Prophet Muhammad and that there are quintuple basic pillars of Islam.The Five Pillars of Islam are the five obligations that every Muslim must fulfill in order to live a good and responsible life according to Islam. These pillars are the confession of faith, praying five times a day, giving alms to the poor, frugality during the calendar month of Ramadan, the pilgrimage to Mecca once in a lifetime for those who are able. The confession of faith must be said with conviction, La ilaha illa Allah, Muhammadur rasoolu All ah. This means, There is no true deity but God (Allah) and Muhammad is the messenger of God. The testimony of faith is called the Shahada, a aboveboard method which should be said with conviction in order to change over to Islam. This is the most important pillar of Islam. Prayer is the second pillar of Islam which they call it the Salat. Muslims perform five prayers a day. Prayer in Islam is a repoint link between the worshipper and God. They are performed at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, and night and are performed bothwhere they please. Before performing a prayer, one must be in a state of purification.That means they wash their hands all the way up to their elbows, the mouth and the nostrils are rinsed, and he feet are bath to the ankles. The third pillar of Islam is almsgiving. The Muslims call it giving Zakat. The meaning of the word Zakat means both purification and growth. To give Zarat means giving a condition percentage of certain properties to certain classes o f needy people. The fourth pillar of Islam is fasting the month of Ramadan known by Muslims as Sawm. Every year in the month of Ramadan, Muslims spend he ninth month of the Islamic calendar observing a community-wide fast from dawn until sundown, abstaining from food, drinks, and sexual relations. Fasting is a method of spiritual self-purification done by cutting oneself off from the economic comforts. A person fasting gains true sympathy with those who go hungry, as well as growth in his or her spiritual life. The last pillar of Islam is to pilgrimage to Mecca which the Muslims call it the Hajj. It occurs in the month of Dhul-Hijjah which is the twelfth month of the Islamic lunar calendar.About two million Muslims of every ethnic group, color, mixer status, and culture gather together in Mecca and stand before the Kabah appraise Allah together. This is a ritual that is designed to promote the bonds of Islamic brotherhood and sisterhood by showing that everyone is equal in the ey es of Allah. The Hajjis or pilgrims conduct simple white clothes called Ihram. They pray at the Haram mosque in Mecca. In the mosque is the Kabah which they turn to while praying. According to the Muslims, the Kabah is the place of worship which God commanded the Prophets Abraham and his son, Ishmael, to build.This is where they asked for mercy and for what they wish for. Carrying out the Five Pillars demonstrates that the Muslim is putting their faith first, and not just trying to fit it in around their secular lives. What are the families of Islam like? One of the most striking features of Muslim society is the greatness attached to the family. The family unit is regarded as the cornerstone of a healthy and match society. A harmonious social order is created by the existence of elongate families children are treasured and rarely leave home until the time they marry.According to the Quran, men and women are equal before God women are not infernal for violating the forbidden t ree, nor will their suffering in pregnancy and childbirth a punishment for that act. How women are seen in Islam? Islam sees a woman, whether single or married, as an individual in her own right, with the right to own and dispose of her property and earnings. A marital gift is given by the groom to the bride for her own personal use, and she may keep her own family name rather than adopting her husbands.Roles of men and women are complementary and collaborative. Rights and responsibilities of both sexes are equitable and balanced in their totality. How do Muslims treat the elderly? The strain of caring for ones parents in this most difficult time of their lives is considered an honor and a arouse and an opportunity for great spiritual growth. In Islam, it is not enough that we only pray for our parents, but we should act with limitless compassion, remembering that when we were helpless children, they pet us to themselves. Mothers are particularly honored.When Muslim parents reach old age, they are treated mercifully, with kindness and selflessness. In Islam, serving ones parents is a duty second of prayer, and it is their right to expect it. It is considered despicable to express any irritation when, through no fault of their own, the old become difficult. Today, Islam is the second largest religion in the world with over one billion followers. According to Muslims, Islam is not a new religion, but it is the same truth that God revealed through all His prophets. For a fifth of the worlds population, Islam is both a religion and a complete way of life.

Great Expectations so successful Essay

arrive at almost breaks down in relief when Magwitch allows him to go, I faltered, he is relieved but still shaken. His childish image shows, when Magwitch is picking his appearance through the graves, as if he were eluding the hands of the dead plenty, he imagines very fearful images, that he will al counsellings fix to Magwitch and the events that bring forth just taken place. snap has more childish thoughts, and his imagination runs wild, and he imagines the inmate were the Pirate come to life. His imagination makes the convict even more shake to him.It gave me a terrible turn when I thought so, daub is terrified by his own visions of the convict. point is very nai ve, I looked all around for the horrible little man, and could let on no signs of him. maculation believes Magwitchs story and his invented character, and is genuinely sc ared of the young man, which intimidates Pip even more, as this threat will stay with him broad after Magwitch is out of sight. The set ting almost always symbolizes a head in long Expectations, and throughout the book sets a t hotshot matched to the outstanding actions. The misty marshes are used to symbolize danger and uncertainty. passim the chapter the Tempter uses worthless Fallacy to give human traits to nature. At the beginning of the chapter the daylight is portrayed as raw, which gives the impression of it being a itchy and isolated place. Dickens then gives you rigid images of the churchyard, bleak place exceed with nettles, this portrays the churchyard as uncared for, and that not many people venture on that point. Pips life outside of the churchyard, dark at once wilderness beyond the churchyard, is lonely and isolated, the wilderness is like Pips life which is lonely, and which does not have many people in it, he is uncared for, just like the churchyard.The wizard of bleak isolation is reinforced by the low leaden groove of the river and the description of the sea which follows. The place i s dark, bleak, and heavy. The sea is there almost as a lair, and a den. Savage lair, this is like a savage animal attacking. Magwitch will come from such a lair, were other things are hiding, and waiting to attack to Pip, not solely now, but in the time to come as well. Pip is isolated in the graveyard, a mile or more from the church, Pip is along way from home and safety, there is nobody around to hear or military service him.Even though there is the terror of Magwitch turning Pip over, a short way away is the church, which shows the contrast of holiness and serenity to the evilness of Magwitch. The marshes are discourage and dark, cold wet flat, the marshes are welcoming for no one but animals. The scratching and stinging plants, brambles that bound the green mounds, shows that it is pain and miserableness that hold this place together. When the rains were heavy, or the tide was in, the marshes can be dangerous and life threatening.The marshes that were just a long nigrify l evel line are bleak and dark, and full of uncertainty and danger. Dickens uses Pathetic Fallacy to describe the sky, just a row of long untamed red lines he gives the sky the image of being angry and dangerous. carmine lines and dense black lines intermixed, this a mix of red which represents danger, and black which represents death. scarcely two things on the marshes are tall and noticeable, the only two black things in all the prospect that seemed to be standing up powerful, everything else is flat and eerie like death.The beacon by which the sailors steered, this is a signal to help prevent danger, which shows there could be some safety mixed up in all of the danger. Dickens shows signs of barbarity of the contempory penal system everywhere. A gallows looms over Pip, a gibbet, with some chains hanging to it this is a wakeful symbol of death and evilness. Everywhere Pip looks there are signs of death. In the whole of the novel as well as in this chapter, whenever Pip goes into the mists of the marshes, something dangerous is likely to happen.In the essay I have appoint that the convict is mainly portrayed by Dickens, as a frightening though believable character, who inflicts terror, anguish, pain, and distress. Despite these points though, at the end of the chapter, when Magwitch is limping away, the referee feels some compassion for him. Magwitch is a very guarded person, and intrigues the reader, and makes them guess a bus of things about Magwitchs character. Pip is a small defenselessly little boy, who is exposed and vulnerable to the dangers of the world. The reader automatically feels concern, and sympathy for him.As soon as the action starts between Pip and Magwitch, Magwitch is portrayed as the bad person, and Pip as the good, the reader automatically sides with Pip, and you follow his feelings and emotions right through the chapter. The setting helps make water the dismal, eerie, and bleak atmosphere. The overgrown churchyard helps to create the perfect setting for what is going on in the chapter, as it represents Pips feelings and emotions. Pathetic fallacy is found quite a lot in the chapter it is used to give human traits to nature, e. g. savage lair.Pips life and world is the microcosm of the chapter, and contains in miniature all the features of the big structure (macrocosm). Dickens chose the themes of the convict and crime, as these represent dishonesty, law breaking, and wrongdoing. He chose these images of the unacceptable and violent behavior, as the readers of the time would have had very strong vies on these. He in any case uses symbols such as the gallows, which people also associate with badness and law breaking. The theme of darkness and violence draws in the reader, and they become intricate in everything that is going on in the chapter.Throughout the chapter Dickens uses different techniques such as the setting corresponding with feelings and emotions, and the abundant aspect of violence, to draw i n the reader, and make them become more involved with the characters, and almost feel what they feel. Dickens skillfully leaves the chapter as a cliffhanger, make me (the reader) want to read more. Zara Smalley Page 1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of oeuvre is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Great Expectations section.